Ground Water Level: A Case Study of Rajasthan State for the Year 2020

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Dr. Chandni Kirpalani

Abstract

Rajasthan is located in the western parts of India and agriculture is the mainstay for the people. The greater part of the state falls under Hot Desert and remaining portions of the state falls under Hot Semi Arid. The primary source of water for agricultural production for the most parts of the state is rainfall. It is also the primary source of surface and ground water recharge.


South-West Monsoon (SWM) season is its main rainy season. The variability of the monsoon makes the region highly vulnerable by the impacts of natural disasters such as droughts and floods. The geographical location of the area and its interaction with the basic monsoon flow is considered as one of prime factors of rainfall variability. Climatologically, the normal seasonal rainfall is 415 mm (based upon 1951-2000) and normal onset date is 24 June over Rajasthan. Ground water replenishment in the State mainly takes place through monsoon rainfall. Annual ground water availability thus varies with rainfall condition during a particular year.


Presently, there is tremendous pressure to exploit groundwater by State and private users, i.e. by those who have access and control over this limited resource. The resulting consequences are also well known, in 2020, out of 295 groundwater zones, only 12.54% were categorized as safe. The rest reached the stage of being categorized as semi-critical (9.83%), critical (7.80%), over-exploited (68.81%) and saline (1.02%) [1]

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